Mason-Caree, Renaissance Architecture

Part. B: Matson-Career. Since High Renaissance period was highly influenced by the Roman culture, the Roman orders of columns were applied in the architecture and most building plans and fade were symmetrical. One of the examples which can be brought from Roman times is the Matson-Career. It is an ancient building located in southern France, and considered to be one of the best preserved Roman temples. The three stepped floor was replaced with a tall platform, and the columns along the sides of the temple were converted to engage columns. Roman Architecture: Essential Humanities†) Units of measurements were based on the human scale and it was in mathematical proportions. One of the best examples of this is Laurent Library by Michelangelo. The Laurent Library was and still considered to be one of his greatest architectural achievements. The significance of the decoration of the library was the fact that they were handmade. The library is considered to be one of the most unified works of the High Renaissance in Florence. (â€Å"Laurent Library – Florence.Laurent Library) The reason why Laurent Library is so special is the fact that it shows the most complete examples of mannerism as its structure, both interior and the furniture. Mannerism comes from the Italian word â€Å"mariner†, which meaner ‘style,' and thus defines the sense of the artist's characteristics. The root of â€Å"Mannerism† originates from Rome at the end of the Renaissance time period. Since it is during the Late Renaissance, it was greatly influenced by the classicism and naturalism of High Renaissance; which was the impact of reformation.It was against he equilibrium of form and proportions of the Renaissance and it was notable in the way it was the period bridging the High Renaissance and the Baroque. The creation of Mannerism was the fine turning point of the historical and stylistic of the period in the way it was an explosion of originality but perfectly fits in the harmony of architectural forms. Laurent Library is unique in the way that it adapts mannerism but the late works of Michelangelo was influenced the mannerist.Michelangelo was praised for his breaking of the ancient architectural theory while other architects ere strictly following the theories. One of examples in Laurent Library was the stairway; its intention of the existence was more like a freestanding sculpture rather than functional architecture. Michelangelo architecture engaged many classical styles like the columns, capitals, bases and myriad as well as other elements from ancient Greece and influenced modern society 21 the century. The Laurent Library is a demonstration of how architects can be creative. Mason-Career, Renaissance Architecture By leukemia

Propelling the Salvation Army Towards Success Essay

In light of the massive adverse publicity surrounding non-profit organizations and charities, the key objective of the Salvation Army (â€Å"the Army†) in the coming years is to increase public confidence. Increasing public confidence arguably leads to increase in public donations that will allow the Army to extend its reach to more needy people in Singapore. This calls for a major overhaul in the Army’s organisation strategy, as new strategies need to be formulated to rise to the challenges of the turbulent environment. An organizational change is expected of the Army and the communication of change represents the key to a successful implementation of the new corporate strategy. Engaged to engineer the change, our consulting team will orchestrate the process in four stages. Firstly, we scrutinize the external environment in which the Army operates in and identify the key threats and opportunities in the near future. Next, we would perform a critical strategic analysis of the Army’s existing strategic framework and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses against the environmental threats and opportunities. Subsequently, we will propose changes to its strategic framework to better minimize the threats and capitalize on the opportunities. Lastly, we recommend the use of the Balanced Scorecard as a strategy management system to communicate the organizational change and execute its strategies. Designed by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, the Balanced Scorecard has been used by many profit-maximizing organizations and received spectacular success. As a strategic management tool that aligns employees to organizational goals and objectives, the BSC is equally applicable in the context of a charitable organisation. We espoused that if the pitfalls are cautiously avoided and the difficulties circumvented, the benefits brought about by the BSC will outweigh the cost of implementation. Careful use of the BSC will propel The Salvation Army towards sustainable success. The Salvation Army is a worldwide non-profit organization that provides social aid to the poor, destitute and hungry with the intention of bringing the message Christian Salvation to the world with no discrimination towards any race or religion. With its operations spanning globally, the Army has employed a highly de-centralized organisation design to better cater to local needs. While the London Headquarter provides guidance, the operations are run predominantly by a selected group of passionate local citizens. In Singapore, the Army provides social aid through its churches (corps) and a wide range of social and community programmes. The range of aid provided includes child care centres, children homes, personal development programmes for secondary school students, youth development centres, tuition centres, corps community services, family support services, elderly care, nursing homes and rehabilitation centres, prison-support ministries and services. The accounting scandals of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) took the Singapore public by storm. There was huge media coverage about the impropriety of usage of funds and the management was unable to account for the money received and spent. In a spate of scandals about charitable organizations hitting Singapore, public confidence towards these charitable organizations took a huge plunge. The need for the Army to improve its image and to adopt a new strategy is imminent in order to deliver its objectives continuously. These lessons are critical to the future success of The Army. †¢Transparency in Operations Consequent to the decreased public confidence, the public has become more careful in selecting the organizations they donate to. While it is uncertain as to the motivation of philanthropic acts by individuals, there is a healthy desire for more transparency about public funded activities. [Gallagher and Weinberg, 1991] This suggests that the more transparent the charitable organisation is, the more individuals are willing to donate to that charitable organisation. Corporate Governance The second lesson that can be drawn is the importance of good corporate governance practices in charitable organizations. Governance in the charity sector refers to the systems and processes concerned with ensuring the overall direction, effectiveness, supervision and accountability of an organisation. [CGC IPC, 2007] Charities are for the benefit of people by the people, it is just a form of organizing and making sure that the resources in cash or in-kind are being directed to those in need. Therefore, it is imperative that the charitable organisation be accountable to the public as to where the funds are directed and how they are allocated. Good corporate governance is fast becoming an important criterion for the public in deciding whether to donate to a charitable organisation and even a more important factor for volunteers when choosing which charitable organisation to volunteer at. To achieve this, the Army’s Board is entrusted with the responsibility to ensure that there is good governance in the company to build the firm foundation for maintaining clear accounting and high public awareness and trust. This also contributes towards performance indicators and operational structures. †¢Corporate Culture Corporate culture is perhaps the most vital towards promoting ethics in a company. Having a corporate culture that emphasizes ethical behaviors provide great boost to public confidence. Consequent to the NKF Saga, we have seen how the employees of NKF decided against blowing the whistle on their superiors despite being aware of the fraudulent practices of the upper management. This ill culture where unethical behaviour is condoned has brought down an otherwise successful and good-intentioned organisation. Our consulting team will perform a critical review on the Army’s existing strategies and tactics and propose changes to lift the Army out of the current situation through boosting public confidence and ultimately increase their donation funds to deliver its intended objectives. Subsequently, we propose the use of Balanced Scorecard (â€Å"BSC†) to implement the pro posed strategies and tactics in view of its success in the corporate world.

A Synapse Happens When Psychology Essay

A Synapse Happens When Psychology Essay A synapse happens when the electrical activity in the pre-synaptic neuron influences the post-synaptic neuron. There are two types of synapses in the body, the electrical (gap junctions) and chemical. Electrical synapses occur in pre and post synaptic neurons that are joined via gap junctions. A chemical synapse releases a neurotransmitter molecule that is triggered by an action potential. The neurotransmitter is then released into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter is diffused across the cleft and binds to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron and can trigger a new action potential. In further detail, when an action potential begins in a neuron, it travels down the axon, when the action potential reaches the axon terminal, calcium channels open, and calcium ions rush into the neuron. The neuron then makes and stores neurotransmitter in vesicles. When calcium binds to the vesicles, the vesicles carry neurotransmitter toward the presynaptic membrane. When the vesicles contact t he axon terminal membrane, the neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft. The action potentials arriving at the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open. Calcium ions (Ca2+) diffuse into the cell and cause synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter molecule. After the release, the neurotransmitter is still in the cleft, which then can be removed by diffusion, re-uptake, and deactivation. A reuptake is when a transporter moves the neurotransmitter back into presynaptic neuron which uses energy. Deactivation is when the enzyme breaks neurotransmitter down into parts. The acetylcholine is broken with the acetyl cholinesterase. This happens in the synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. The postsynaptic neuron receptors are activated. In this case, these receptors allow Sodium in the neuron by facilitated diffusion, causing an action potential to sta rt in the postsynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters are released from receptors and diffuse back to the synaptic cleft. Vesicles recycle some neurotransmitter to prepare the neuron for its next action potential. Acetylcholine molecules diffuse from the presynaptic terminal across the synaptic cleft and bind to their receptor sites on the ligand-gated sodium ion (Na+) channels. This causes the ligand-gated sodium ion channels to open and sodium ions diffuse into the cell, making the membrane potential more positive. If the membrane potential reaches threshold level, an action potential will be produced. There is a specific neuron for each colour, shape, when we think of two different things; two neurons make a connection, these results in thinking, learning and our behaviours. Learning involves neurons in the brain and the synapses between them. Neurons ad synapses make connections in order for us to think and learn new things. Signals are sent from one neuron to another by jumping ac ross the synapse. In the process of sending signals, it involves the presynaptic neuron, the neuron sending the signal, the neurotransmitter which is a chemical released by neurons at the synapse for the purpose of relaying information to other neurons via receptors. The synaptic cleft is the space across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron or effector cell. The receptor molecule is a protein that recognizes a specific 3-dimensional shape which then goes into the postsynaptic neuron, the neuron which receives the signal.

Wall Mart stores Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wall Mart stores - Essay Example As I witnessed, the performance excellence becomes highly achieved by the firm. Wal-Mart has continued to colonize the global market through its relentless expansion (Edward, 2006). Wall mart has over the years opened new megastores nearly every two business days, and it has at the same time continued to expand on average into a new nation every year (Bonacich, 2004). Being a true global company, Wall Mart has redefined and changed the shopping experience for each and every American customer.I managed to see the employees of the firm work. They give the necessary human resources that move the engine of production of goods and marketing of the produced goods (Chazen, 2002). They work tirelessly to ensure that customers get served well. Without them, the company is unlikely to function even if there exists customers and shareholders ready to purchase the goods offered by the company. Employees of Wall Mart are valuable since they are the ones selling and marketing the products to consu mers (Bonaich, 2004). They take all the necessary procedures to make sure that they perform over the set limits. Suppliers of the goods and services are vital as they provide the goods which the company depends on to produce or sell its outputs (Chazen, 2002). Without them, marketing and production become rendered null and void. I saw how the organization relates with the community in their activities. Society impacts the organization in a big way (Ruta, 2009). Even though, they gain economically.... Employees of Wall Mart are valuable since they are the ones selling and marketing the products to consumers (Bonaich, 2004). They take all the necessary procedures to make sure that they perform over the set limits. Suppliers of the goods and services are vital as they provide the goods which the company depends on to produce or sell its outputs (Chazen, 2002). Without them, marketing and production become rendered null and void. I saw how the organization relates with the community in their activities. Society impacts the organization in a big way (Ruta, 2009). Even though, they gain economically from the company, they require protection from unethical, unjust, illegal and irresponsible acts by the company (Feser, 2011). Through the use of pressure groups, protests, and also the legal system, the community regulates the company’s behavior. The company is working extra hard to ensure a positive impact to the society. In my tour of the organization, I noticed that the organizat ion has a unique, competitive environment. Although the company’s main competition comes from local merchandise retailers, a number of warehouse clubs and also, supermarket retailers (Bonaich, 2004). The company’s retailing industry is immense in size and is always experiencing a number of growths and changes (Chazen, 2002). The main competitors compete both in the national and international market. There is massive competition on the pricing, layout, location, store size, environment and also technology and innovation (Griffin, 2010). Nevertheless, the firm is performing beyond expectations. The market Wall mart is in gets characterized by large economies of scale

Legal Aspect of Nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Aspect of Nursing - Case Study Example The physician should have looked for an alternative source of the anesthetist or take the patient to another hospital. Failure to provide the appropriate care and referrals to the patient. The physician did not give the patient good care when he was in the hospital. The physician should have spent the night checking on the patient to see any progress or complication that may arise. Failure to communicate. The physician did not communicate to his seniors or other medical agencies to seek for assistance. There are many medical centers that would have carried out the surgery if they were notified. The hospital could also have requested aid of an ambulance to transfer the patient to another center. The emergency center physician who represents the hospital is liable for the liabilities raised. The physician did not do a conclusive assessment on the patient to determine the urgency of the surgery. This would have enabled the physician to look for an alternative hospital where the surgery would have been done immediately. The physician did not have the anesthetist in the center. This is a sign of lack of commitment in his duties. The physician must ensure that there are all necessary medicine and chemicals at all times. The orders must be mad in advance before the stock ends. If the physician had done a prudent assessment on the patient, he would have communicated it to Jose’s parent so that she can take the necessary step to ensure that the patient receives treatment in another hospital. Having done the x-ray on the patient, the physician should have done minor treatment instead of giving sedatives only. The court would rule against the hospital and physician. The care standard that was given to the patient is below standard. If the hospital had attended to the patient on time, there would not be any complications on the patient. In the case of Hall v. Arthur, the United States court of appeal upheld a trial court decision, which held the

Discuss why adopting a model of social pedagogy for work with children Essay

Discuss why adopting a model of social pedagogy for work with children young people and families may be beneficial. What barriers may there be for implementing this model in the UK - Essay Example The distinct divisions were evident at diverse levels whether conceptual, organizational, professional, and in relation to training and education. Nevertheless, the UK has witnessed significant changes in administrative reorganization of the responsibility for children’s services and a change in the manner in which individuals envision provision for both children and young people (Coussee et al. 2010, p.789). Social pedagogy delineates education in the expansive sense of the word or a perspective entailing social action that aims at facilitating human welfare via child-rearing and education practices; to safeguard or ease social problems by availing individuals with the capacity to cope with life, and effect changes within their circumstances. The fundamental notion of social pedagogy centres on facilitating social functioning, inclusion, involvement, social identity and competence as fully functional members of the society (Petrie et al. 2006, p.19). Social pedagogy in practice incorporates an all encompassing and personal approach to child care in all its facets that connects education and care, and support for families (Kyriacou 2009, p.101). In addition, social pedagogy avails a prospective approach to training at diverse levels that integrates education, psychology, and philosophy with the spheres of child care, family support, and the advancement of children’s rights. Social pedagogy can be viewed as an activity and a collection of ideas that, while mirroring the broader concerns for the welfare of children, is organic and adjustable to the attributes of the society, and mirrors humanistic values grounded in a representation of children as active agents in society (Smith 2012, p.46). As such, social pedagogy operates in â€Å"the here and now† and employs â€Å"the moment† as a launch pad for pedagogical practice. Social pedagogues have been implemented

Key Word in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Key Word in Marketing - Essay Example into different clusters is widely known as customer segmentation. By the help of customer segmentation organizations can put more focus on their customers and use all the resources for the benefit of those targeted customers. As per Jill Griffins, Cisco Systems, Demographic, psychographic are the main factor of segmentation. Other type of customer segmentation is called value based segmentation. Here customer is been categorized as per the revenue they created to the organization. That also include the cost of services and maintenance and cost of maintain relationship with those customers. Procedure of customer segmentation is given below. a. What data needs to be collected and how to collect the same. b. Collection of data and representation of data. c. Analysis of data. d. Proper coordination between several departments of marketing and customer relationship management is necessary. e. Conclusion and recommendation from the data collected from sources and effective development of t hose recommendations is done here. Explanation of the procedure has to be done in the form of word combination or phrases but it should not be mixed.(Rashidi, 2013) In modern marketing it is one of the main factors of market. In this process, the customers get the most priority and it also helps the organization to maximize its resources to compete in the market. Many researchers claimed that segmentation is a good way to market a product or a service since it does involve a head to head competition with the rivals. Only customer’s satisfaction is the main criteria, so customers get benefitted more out of it. That is one reason why the popularity and acceptance of this method of marketing is increasing widely throughout the globe. Effect of market segmentation is a long term result and organizations get benefited out of it. Market can be divided into four different segments which have been shown in the diagram below: As shown above, the market in divided in four segments, Geo graphic, Demographic, Behavioral and Psychographic (Weinstein, 2013). A. Geographic: In this type of segmentation market is divided geographically, like continents, countries, states, districts, cities and neighborhoods. The geographical difference has a huge effect on the culture of the society. The consumer’s choice, behavior, attitude and characteristic differ as per the changes in the culture of the society. No organization which has business worldwide can treat the whole world market as a single market. For example, let us take Europe and Africa. There is a vast difference in the lifestyle and the economy in both the continents. The choices and the behaviour also changes accordingly. Another situation that can be considered would be the people residing in regions like Greenland or Alaska versus the population in tropical regions like Brazil or Malaysia. The climate is the major difference here. From a marketer’s point of view, Greenland or Alaska is the best place to sell warm clothes, whereas promotion of cotton garments can be advised in the case of Brazil or Malaysia (Burkard, 2011). B. Demographic: The commonly used Demographics in market segmentation include age, sex, education, income, marital status and number of family members. Age: Any person’s age hugely influence their buying behavior. There are several products where strictly age is described and if restricted age customers try to buy, sellers are strictly instructed not to sale them those product. Products like alcohol, certain drugs, several movies which are only for adults etc. Products like toys, where age group is mentioned. In a toy store it is been mentioned like toys for 1 to 2 years old children, 3 to 5 years old children and 6 to 10 years old children. Parents search for the toys as per their

Looking Inside Young Minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Looking Inside Young Minds - Essay Example Like 3000 other callers this year, Thelma has contacted an organisation known as YoungMinds. YoungMinds, a national charity, is committed to improving the mental health of babies, children, and young people. Though the hotline is their most visible form of outreach, they function in numerous capacities to help children, parents, and professionals in their goal of helping children. They operate a parent's information hotline, publish numerous pamphlets and leaflets, conduct research, and consult with policy makers and practitioners in the field of child advocacy. YoungMinds, a multi-faceted organisation, offers immediate crisis help as well as research, training, and professional consultation. These extraordinary features make YoungMinds one of the most comprehensive advocates for children available to the general public. To understand the complexity of YoungMinds, it's helpful to follow a single case from the initial contact through to resolution. During Thelma's initial call, the operator gathered information about the child, the living situation, and the problems that confronted the family. After recommending further contact, it was arranged to have a professional call back at Thelma's convenience. ... In this case the professional was able to resolve the situation, but other scenarios may result in a client referral to another appropriate agency. In most cases, this highly effective approach will have given Thelma the tools she needs, as well as written material that will be of value to her Though Thelma's situation had to do with inappropriate violence, YoungMinds delves into numerous problems that children encounter. These issues include many diverse topics such as bullying, self-esteem, substance abuse, and behavioural issues. Issues as far reaching as gambling and eating disorders can be handled by the staff at YoungMinds. In addition, they expand their capabilities by offering training to other mental health professionals that deal with children's issues. Teachers, social workers, and foster caregivers can receive on-site training as well as written material that reflects the most up to date research and findings that affect children's mental health. The written material published by YoungMinds is aimed at children as well professionals and parents. Booklets written for children address issues such as depression, anger, sexual abuse, and coping with a dysfunctional family. They publish guides to advise parents that may be going through a divorce or experiencing other emotional problems. Their regular publication of YoungMinds Magazine covers news, analysis, activities of parliament, opinion, and upcoming events of interest. Many of these publications are available in electronic format at no charge, or may be ordered in print at a small fee. The nominal charge that YoungMinds receives for their printed material simply covers the cost of publication and reproducing. According to their 2005 annual report, eighty percent of their budget, which is less than

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 183

Essay Example I was a bit upset for there was nothing interesting about them; they were just common people everyone can see in a cafà © in the morning. Despite this, I enjoyed being there because of the sun that shone just right through the window, the cafà © smelled of coffee and freshly baked muffins, and I felt peaceful and contended with my life. At that very moment, a man came in and caught my attention immediately. He seemed to be very excited, even nervous. He looked around as if he was looking for someone or something, sat down at a table and ordered tea. The man was dressed very neatly, and at first I thought that he came on a date; it was too early for that though, and I put that thought to rest. Also, it was quite an early morning for a business meeting. Curiosity was eating me up as the man checked his watch almost every two minutes and looked out the window. He was definitely waiting for someone. About fifteen minutes of waiting passed, and a boy bounced into the cafà ©. He was about thirteen or fourteen years old, not too tall, and he reminded me of someone I had already seen before. When he came up to the man, I understood who the boy reminded me of. It became obvious they were a father and a son. When the man saw the boy, he glowed with happiness and finally calmed down. The boy was also very glad to see his father for he ran up and hugged him. It was such a nice and moving scene! I think that the fact that they met at the cafà © suggests that they did not live together; perhaps, the boy’s parents were divorced, and his mother had a sole custody of her child. In any case, it was clear that they had not seen each other for a long time. As I looked around, I noticed that everybody who was at the cafà © at the moment also was watching the man and his son. Just like me, they also seemed to be moved by the scene. At that very instance, I felt that the entire cafà © was filled with peace, happiness and even

Setting out the athletics running track and marathon route together Essay

Setting out the athletics running track and marathon route together with measurement of the field events suitable for international competition - Essay Example A running following is assembled around the "standard line" – a hypothetical line that is placed 20cm from the inward path in every path going in the running bearing. The 400-meter length for a track oval is focused around the measuring line. Right slant, angularity and smoothness are fundamental for legitimate running track development. A track must comply with a high set of tolerances, for example, 1/10% greatest descending slant in the running heading. Anything is surpassing the most extreme permissible incline wont permit players to break records on the track. Building games offices is carried out utilizing unrivaled science as part of the request to dependably have legitimate slant, angularity and smoothness with the goal that competitors can perform their best. Security is a necessity which is divulged by building and introducing laser-controlled exactness surfaces that adjust to the largest amounts of tolerance, minimizing hard, delicate and uneven ranges. Precise tolerances are obliged to be qualified for setting sports records. Best tolerances are given to meet the tightest prerequisites in the business. As most general foremen are value persuaded and contract organizations that are sufficiently "great," they are not ready to convey this level of accuracy; most games offices are not fabricated to the insignificant tolerances holders ought to anticipate. Utilization of various bits of state-of-the-workmanship laser-controlled supplies – including numerous laser sorts is utilized to accomplish the most abnormal amount of exactness and tolerance in the business and specialty of running track and marathon development. Persistently, an examination is executed focused around the best innovation, gear, and philosophies. The predominating laser accuracy conveys close flawless evaluating and waste, expanding the execution, life span, and security of the games office. Without uniform

Amir as the Narrator Essay Example for Free

Amir as the Narrator Essay The novel The Kite Runner is narrated by the main character, Amir. The novels follows Amir’s struggling path from adolescence to manhood. Amir tells the story of his life growing up in Kabul with his father, Baba and their two Hazara servants Hassan and Ali. Hassan is Amir’s half brother and best friend growing up; testing friendships, keeping secrets, accepting faults and gaining understanding. The two spent many years enjoying playing and kite fighting together as brothers. Amir describes his relationship with Hassan as very close and personal; he enjoys learning and growing with Hassan even though Hassan is considered below him in their society; expected to be a servant to Amir, not a companion. Although Hassan and Amir’s relationship seemed unbreakable, the winter of 1975 changed everything. Amir tells us of the major â€Å"kite fighting† competition that happens every year with all the local kids. Soon after Amir wins the competition that year, tragedy occurs with Hassan in a back alley, he is raped by a neighborhood boy, Assef. Amir witnesses this and tells no one about it. This later unravels the relationship between him and Hassan resulting in Hassan and Ali leaving Amir and Baba’s home. Throughout the novel, Amir is completely changed from this event. Throughout the book Amir struggles to be the son his father, Baba wants him to be. He feels that his father burdens Amir with the death of his mother because she died giving birth to Amir. Amir tells how Baba is very critical of him and makes him feel as though he can never reach his father’s expectations. Amir feels as though he needs to fight with Hassan for his father’s approval. Although he never had an ideal relationship with Baba, Amir loves and respects him to the fullest. Baba guides Amir through life helping him in becoming the best man he can be. Later in the novel Amir realizes how much he appreciated Baba.

Moral Decisions In Daily Life

Moral Decisions In Daily Life Moral decision making is something every human does on a daily basis, modifying their behavior to obey standards of society which are based upon a shared system of values. In its most simplistic form, moral decision making is done with ethical motives in mind, concerned with the distinction between right and wrong by each individual. Moral decision making models and theories provide specific guides and rules to help individuals unravel their moral deliberations. Two of the most well-known moral decision making models in philosophy are consequentialism and deontological theory, both of which have strengths and weaknesses. The two models do share some commonality but there are many issues at which they stand at opposition. All of this must be taken into consideration before choosing which moral decision making model best fits an individual. The consequentialist moral decision making theory states that an action is considered morally right provided that the consequences which result are more positive than negative. A good aphorism for describing the backbone of consequentialism is that the ends justify the means. Provided that a good outcome results from an act, that act is considered morally just. Consequentialism can be agent-neutral or agent-focused and the two approaches are worth discussing to better understand the moral decision making model. Agent-Neutral consequentialism ignores the specific affect an action has for any certain individual and instead focuses on the consequences benefitting all. Agent-Focused consequentialism, on the other hand, is when the results of the moral decision are concentrated on the needs of the decision maker. This means that the moral actor makes their decision so that consequences resulting better themselves and the welfare of those they care about and not just the general welfare of society. The deontological moral decision making theory is a different form of moral reasoning than consequentialism for a variety of reasons. As opposed to consequentialism, deontological moral theory states that the rightness of an action or decision is not solely dependent upon maximizing the good of society. Instead, deontological theory defines the morally rightness or wrongness of an action from the behavior of the action itself, not the behavior of the outcome. Deontological moral decision making provides distinct guidelines for morally right and wrong behavior for individuals to use when making day to day choices. This deontological moral guide places a higher value on the individual than on maximizing the good for society. In fact, deontology actually has constraints to stop an individual from maximizing the good if it hinders following the moral standards of the guideline. Deontology is more open to interpretation than consequentialism, however, because it remains flexible for self- interpretation. Consequentialism possesses strengths as a moral model that deontology does not. One of the strongest points in favor of consequentialism is actually another theory which resulted from it known as utilitarianism. Utilitarianism was founded by Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher, who believed that the best moral action would result in the greatest good for the largest amount of people. Following it allows for relaxed tensions in society ensuring that the most people feel pleasure, rather than a large amount of individuals on edge or in pain. However, consequentialism possesses weaknesses in its moral decision making too. Consequentialism causes irresolvable morality dilemmas as it requires correlating principles which cannot be compared against one another on the same scale. A resulting weakness of utilitarianism is that it is so focused on the interest of all that it overlooks the rights of the individual which can lead to injustice. The most unavoidable weakness of consequentialis m is that is does not provide any direction to its followers for which actions are right or wrong, morally. The wrongness of the action can only be determined by its consequences and by that time its too late to change the decision. Deontological moral theory also possesses its own unique strengths and weaknesses. One of the advantages of deontological morality is that it allows the individual to take into account their families, friends, and personalized plans when making ethical decisions, as opposed to consequentialism which tends to be alienating in its decision making module. By putting more stress on the self-worth and personal capital of the individual deontology results in a less flawed moral theory. Immanuel Kant, a well-known deontological philosopher, and his Kantian ethics are a strength of deontology as well because he stated that its not the consequences of the actions that are right or wrong but rather the motives of the person doing the action. This forces the agent to take responsibility for all parts of their moral decision making, not only the results. However, the biggest weakness of deontology is that it categorizes actions as right or wrong, black or white, leaving no room for any gray area despite the obvious existence of many moral gray areas. Deontology is also hard to follow because its stringency leaves its followers feeling unguided by their morals which lack prioritizing, ultimately causing confusion. These are only two moral decision making models in philosophy and neither are necessarily the ideal. It is my belief that the ideal moral decision making process must combine the strengths of consequentialism and deontology while attempting to compensate for their errors. The best decision making process must involve an individuals own moral beliefs combined with the knowledge that can be gained from studying a large amount of moral theories and opinions. Morals are subjective, meaning that each person or group of people may possess their own set which differs from those of others. This is why the ideal process must be personalized to meet the needs of the individual following it. This compensates for deontologys inadequate claim of unchanging principles known as universal law. However, it should include the aspect of deontology that forces a person to be morally responsible for their own actions as this is its best idea. By forcing an individual to take into account how their decisi on will affect them and their own rather than society, leads, I believe, to better moral decisions being made. This combination decision making theory will also make use of the principle of utility, the best idea of Jeremy Bentham, which teaches individuals to do the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. This combined with deontologys focus on the individuals rights dissipates the danger of consequentialism justifying genocide, torture or violence as necessary means to a morally right end. The ideal moral decision making process is difficult to pinpoint, as morals vary by individual and are subjective to different opinions from one person to the next. However, there are aspects of modern philosophical theories, consequentialism and deontology, which can be studied and used to help create an ideal guideline. Consequentialism is important because it focuses on the results of an action for the good of humanity, something which cannot be overlooked in an increasingly globalized world. Deontology forces the moral agent to take responsibility for their own actions instead of relying on someone else to care, just as important to maintaining moral societal standards. Together the two create checks and balances, which, when combined with an individuals beliefs, allow for moral decision making to occur with limited room for error.

Times of India Internship Report

Times of India Internship Report An INTERNSHIP REPORT on  Market conceptualizing, Space Selling and Market Research Name of the Organisation: TIMES OF INDIA (TIMES GROUP) Internship guide in the organisation: Introduction I was interning with the â€Å"TIMES GROUP† in Lucknow from 10th February to 1st April 2014 . It has been a wonderful experience of the corporate world. Basically, I was associated with the Marketing Department which was â€Å"TIMES RESPONSE†,at initial days of my internship I had to call up the clients ,talk to them, and persuading them to advertise in the MEDICAL LISTING column in the NAVBHARAT TIMES. It was a different experience talking to clients who already advertise in the competition papers but still it was a learning experience of pitching to the clients and getting an idea about the local business and how a publication house works. I did get an experience of working for three major sectors i.e. HEALTHCARE, EDUCATIONAL and RETAIL. RETAIL- In this particular sector, I got involved in doing market scan and understanding the local to local business sectors in the city. HEALTHCARE- In this particular sector, I got involved in pitching the medical clients for the medical line plus column for NAVBHARAT TIMES. EDUCATIONAL- In this particular sector I got involved in pitching the coaching clients in different areas , persuading them to advertise in TIMES OF INDIA as well as NAVBHARAT TIMES. The purpose and the whole agenda of doing this was to get in touch with different segmentation of the market as well as understand the business of the publication house in dealing with each vertical/sector clients. Through this I got the basic idea of how advertisements on newspaper gets placed and at what ad rates the â€Å"TIMES GROUP† advertises in the market. DECLARATION OF THE STUDENT I Mefha Mathhew D/o Mr. P.J.Mathewkutty, certify that the project report is prepared by my personal efforts and authentic help under the guidance of Eram Qazi Ma’am and TIMES OF INDIA’, where I worked. Date: Place: Signature of the student: MEFHA MATTHEW (MJMC 4) ABOUT TIMES of india The Times of India  (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. In 2008, the newspaper reported that with a circulation of over 3.14 million it had been certified by theAudit Bureau of Circulations (India)as theworlds largest selling English-languagedaily, ranking it as the third largest selling newspaper in any language in the world and the largest selling newspaper outsideJapan. Supplements Lucknow Times Lucknow Times Masala Mix Times Life Times Ascent Eduction Times Ownership The Times of Indiahas its markets in major cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Surat, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, Puducherry, Patna, Pune, Calicut, Kochi, Lucknow, Nagpur, Nashik, Panaji, Mysore, Hubli, Mangalore, Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam, Chandigarh, Raipur, Ranchi, Guwahati, Trivandrum, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Bhopal and Varanasi. Each Sunday TOI publishThe Sunday Times(Sunday TOI). MISSION VISION Empower people into people leaders. Performance facilitating development and growth reflected in lateral and upward movements. A dedicated Capability Building Team that ensures these objectives is met by focusing on Induction, Functional Skill Programs, Young Manager Programs, and Leadership Development Programs. MAJOR FINDINGS The three key words on which I need to focus on were MARKET CONCEPTUALIZATION, SPACE SELLING, MEETING CLIENTS MARKET SCAN in all fields of information. They must have complete and qualitative meaning as not just a need but a right. There must be no compromise. TIMES OF INDIA has focused on addressing access to formal work along with inclusiveness based on realistic indicators in order to meet these challenges for providing quality news to thousands of people as masses as Quality information are inextricably linked. TASKs ACTIVITIES During my internship at Times of India, I had works upon many tasks given to me in the spot. The tasks were given daily on the basis of meeting clients and persuading them to advertise. The tasks were on meeting clients, understanding the local business, and market research. On the daily basis I used to meet 10 clients, and persuade them to advertise for the medical listing column in NAVBHARAT TIMES. DAILY ROUTINE WORKS: Meeting the Clients . Persuading them to advertise. Market conceptualization. Listing out the clients. Working for heathcare,Retail as well as Educational Sector. This mentioned work comes under the MARKETING DEPARTMENT of any newspaper organization. CONCLUSION In the analysis we come to know about the effectiveness of the TIMES OF INDIA. Also some of the major challenges this organisation is facing in its functioning of media. The various parameters are taken to check the effectiveness of the organisation. In parameters like transparency, effectiveness of the organisation, more work needs identification to the members of it which responded positively. This showed that the organisation maintains a good effectiveness in these parameters. Though there is high scope for improvement effectiveness in it since the members and workers of the organisation needed to be told more about the spreading itself in developing system. So, the training program designed for the workers are very fresh for the organisation as it helps the workers and freshers very effectively. As the performance of news network in Times Of India is well designed it needs only to get modified according to the changing times without changing its basic structure. It has increased in area of networking and circulation so that each person tends to know about the real and can knock the door â€Å"NorthEastWestSouth†(NEWS). APPENDIX My work performance in TIMES OF INDIA was on Market Conceptualizing, Market Research and Space Selling. Here are some samples of my work attached to it.

Breast-Feeding: Just Do It! :: Breast-Feeding Essays

Breast-Feeding: Just Do It! Who is to say that breast-feeding is the best for your baby. For years, breast-feeding tactics have been used as the best way to feed your infant. There was never any debate as to how you should feed your child, until a few years ago when artificial baby formulas were made. Now, researches have set out to figure out which way is the best for your baby. Studies upon studies have been done in search of the answer. Finally it was proven that breast-feeding, the natural way, was superior over artificial formulas. Breast-feeding is the all-natural process in which young infants get the nutritional intake that they need to survive, grow, and develop. Researchers have established that breast milk is perfectly suited to nourish infants and protect them from illness. Breast fed infants have lower rates of hospital admissions, ear infections, diarrhea, rashes, allergies, and other medical problems than bottle-fed babies (Williams). Human mothers produce many nutrients that cannot be found in formulas. The female body was made by Mother Nature to ensure the survival of mankind. "There are 4,000 species of mammals, and they all make different milk. Human milk is made for human infants and it meets all their specific nutrient needs," said Ruth Lawrence, M.D.,professor of pediatrics and obstetrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine in Rochester, N.Y., and spokeswoman for the American Academy of Pediatrics(Williams,p.1). Breast milk is one of the few substances that is completely sterile. It is made from inside the body and no environmental factors play a role in this process(Correa,1999). From the beginning of nursing, the infant receives and important body element called colostrum(Maher,1998). The word colostrum was derived from the bacteria know as Colostridium difficile. This microbe produces a toxin that bind to walls of the body causing diarrhea or swelling of the colon. Immunoglobulins, found in colostrum, coat the exterior walls and resist the binding of the microbes(Travis,322). Colostrum also stimulates substances in the body to promote gut maturation, facilitate digestion, and stimulate passage of meconium. Colostrum is extremely concentrated with the proteins that make up immunoglobulins and secretory IgA. IgA is the maternal-specific immunogobulins that are needed for protection against environmental antigens. These substances produced by the human breast can easily be absorbed by the human infant. Complete development of the brain and nerve tissue rely on these substances(Maher,1998).

Scientific Materalism v. Crime and Punishment Essay examples -- Litera

Author of Crime and Punishment, Feodor Dostoevsky, uses the text to subtly exhibit factors which aid in disproving the idea of scientific materialism. He aims to prove that there must be another explanation for our complexities, unlike the opposing one in which everything is believed to be made or conducted by matter. Regardless of extensive scientific experimentation, there are still many aspects of the human mind and body that remain unclear. Crime and Punishment relays some extreme qualities possessed by humans which are argued by many to be valid proof of our creation by a higher power. The fact that humans are emotional beings and that emotions are not classified as matter creates the opportunity for philosophical debate. Dostoevsky feeds on this uncertainty and assists in the argument of refuting scientific materialism by providing examples of human emotions such as shame, pity, compassion, love, and guilt. He also attempts to refute scientific materialism by suggesting the existence of a human conscience, free will, self sacrifice, and pure evil. Crime and Punishment revolves around main character, Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, and the physical, mental, and spiritual repercussions he endures after he commits murder. In other words, â€Å"the whole novel is built around the unique process of disintegration in the hero's soul† (Bem 2). When we first meet Raskolnikov, we learn he is a relatively young ex-student who has fallen into the poverty stricken slums of St. Petersburg, Russia. He has become unhealthily anti-social and bitter towards humanity and is now trapped within and tortured by his own thoughts. It is revealed that he is struggling internally with the idea of murdering a pawnbroker, Alena Ivanovna, with... ...ter. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. "Crime and Punishment." Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 167. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. Dostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. Ed. George Gibian. Trans. Coulson. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989. Print. Leatherbarrow, William J. "Chapter 4: The Principle of Uncertainty: Crime and Punishment." Fedor Dostoevsky. William J. Leatherbarrow. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1981. Twayne's World Authors Series 636. The Twayne Authors Series. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. Santangelo, Gennaro. "The Five Motives of Raskolnikov." Dalhousie Review 54.4 (Winter 1974): 710-719. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 167. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. Scientific Materalism v. Crime and Punishment Essay examples -- Litera Author of Crime and Punishment, Feodor Dostoevsky, uses the text to subtly exhibit factors which aid in disproving the idea of scientific materialism. He aims to prove that there must be another explanation for our complexities, unlike the opposing one in which everything is believed to be made or conducted by matter. Regardless of extensive scientific experimentation, there are still many aspects of the human mind and body that remain unclear. Crime and Punishment relays some extreme qualities possessed by humans which are argued by many to be valid proof of our creation by a higher power. The fact that humans are emotional beings and that emotions are not classified as matter creates the opportunity for philosophical debate. Dostoevsky feeds on this uncertainty and assists in the argument of refuting scientific materialism by providing examples of human emotions such as shame, pity, compassion, love, and guilt. He also attempts to refute scientific materialism by suggesting the existence of a human conscience, free will, self sacrifice, and pure evil. Crime and Punishment revolves around main character, Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, and the physical, mental, and spiritual repercussions he endures after he commits murder. In other words, â€Å"the whole novel is built around the unique process of disintegration in the hero's soul† (Bem 2). When we first meet Raskolnikov, we learn he is a relatively young ex-student who has fallen into the poverty stricken slums of St. Petersburg, Russia. He has become unhealthily anti-social and bitter towards humanity and is now trapped within and tortured by his own thoughts. It is revealed that he is struggling internally with the idea of murdering a pawnbroker, Alena Ivanovna, with... ...ter. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. "Crime and Punishment." Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 167. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. Dostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. Ed. George Gibian. Trans. Coulson. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989. Print. Leatherbarrow, William J. "Chapter 4: The Principle of Uncertainty: Crime and Punishment." Fedor Dostoevsky. William J. Leatherbarrow. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1981. Twayne's World Authors Series 636. The Twayne Authors Series. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. Santangelo, Gennaro. "The Five Motives of Raskolnikov." Dalhousie Review 54.4 (Winter 1974): 710-719. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 167. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Apr. 2012.

Personal Narrative: My Experience Teaching versus Learning Essay

Last semester I led a ninth-grade class room through a reading of Romeo and Juliet. I had little time to prepare for this unit of study, and had never formally studied or written about the play. I worked my way through each scene, preparing prompts and discussions that seemed relevant to the content of the play, to its connections to private and public social issues (both Elizabethan and modern), and to why the play was written in poetic form, or what the poet was trying to do with language. The play is rife with paradox, oxymoron, and ambiguity, so finding a focal point or common theme to unify the various lessons was difficult. However, as we approached the final act, everything that the students and I had explored in this play seemed to me to be pointing back to a line early in Act I, "Part fools! You know not what you do." Born into a world of contradictory and opposing forces of control, authority, and traditional obligations, a young person does not have the means to make judgments but is swept along on the tide of what others say must be done. If one's heart or conscience cries out for a different course, lack of experience and of developed judgment can be fatal. Role models are required who can model the skills of weighing the pros and cons, of balancing the heart and the head, of inquiring and seeking out knowledge before a final decision is made. Friar Lawrence spoke this lesson, but cryptically, through the metaphors of poison/medicine and haste/patience, yet he did not model the exercise of inquiring, balancing, and weighing before acting. It suddenly occurred to me that the wisdom that Friar Lawrence advocates but does not exactly inspire, is exactly the sort of wisdom that we were exercising in the classroom as we... ...ts' enjoyment of reading and writing and also their desire to participate in language arts. Another experience confirmed my belief that learning and teaching is not a one-way street in the classroom. Teachers are not the privileged literati who are desperately trying to inculcate knowledge into the uneducated mass of students. Teachers need to respect the human mind in any stage of development and accept the fact that they can learn things from someone who is not an expert in the field. The teacher is a learner, and the students are teachers. The study of Romeo and Juliet during my student teaching experience was a collective effort to examine and interpret eternally recurring human achievements, failures, struggles, goals and desires. I learned a great deal through reading and discussing the writing of the students, and I hope that they learned something from me.

Follower Readiness as It Relates to Situational Leadership Model

The Concept of Follower Readiness As It Relates To Situational Leadership Model Developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard, situational leadership is a contingency model that focuses on the followers. The model suggests that successful leadership is accomplished by selecting the right leadership style, based on the level of followers readiness. Emphasis on the followers in leadership effectiveness reflects the reality that it is the followers who accept or reject the leader. Regardless of what the leader does, effectiveness depends on the actions of his or her followers. Fred Fiedler, developed the Leadership Contingency Model; and, I think that situational leadership uses the same two leadership dimensions that Fiedler identified: task and relationship behaviors. However, Hersey and Blanchard delved a step further by considering each as either high or low; and also, combining them into four specific leader behaviors: telling (high task-low relationship). The leader defines roles and tells people what, how, when, and where to do various tasks. It emphasizes directive behavior; selling (high task-high relationship). The leader provides both directive behavior and supportive behavior; participating (high relationship-low task). The leader and follower share in decision making, with the main role of the leader being facilitating and communicating; and also, delegating (low relationship-low task). The leader provides little direction or support. An example of task behavior, for instance, is when I asked my neighbor to show me how to prepare a dish referred to as â€Å"arroz con pollo† in her culture. It is a chicken and rice meal that is full of flavor and is truly delicious. She was very precise and descriptive in telling me what and how much ingredients to use. Also, she clearly explained the steps required to properly prepare the meat and rice. Four Levels of Follower Readiness The four levels of follower readiness applied to what I’ve read as follows: †¢ Level 1: the follower is unable, unwilling, or insecure; lacks confidence, commitment, and motivation. †¢ Level 2: the follower is unable but willing, motivated, or confident; lacks ability but confident with leader’s guidance. †¢ Level 3: the follower is able but unwilling or insecure about performing task alone. Level 4: the follower is able and willing or confident. A high school student, in example of a level 2 follower, is hired for his very first job as a crew member at a local fast food restaurant. Although he does not have any prior experience, he is motivated and confident that he is able to learn the task with on-the-job training provided to him by his supervisor . Four Leadership Styles Style 1, Telling: is characterized by demonstrating, guiding, explaining, and giving feedback on performance. An example, â€Å"Just stand by and observe me perform this task. I’ll give you an opportunity to try it as well, so don’t worry. Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask me. I’m here to help you in any way you may need. † Style 2, Selling: is characterized by coaching, persuading, instructing, and clarifying. It is very similar [in terms of structure] to Style 1. The difference is found in the higher amount of supportive behavior provided by the leader, whom engages in more listening and advising. If necessary, the leader will help the follower gain necessary skills through coaching methods. Style 3, Participating: is characterized by supporting, collaborating, facilitating, and reinforcing. The leader shares responsibility for decision-making; the leader does not tell or direct the follower. Style 4, Delegating: is characterized by a hands-off approach that gives the follower room to make and implement decisions. Matching Leadership Style to Follower Readiness: Situational Leadership Model R1/S1-Directing low readiness, telling: The follower has low ability, low willingness; lacks motivation and/or insecure. The leader has high task focus, low relationship focus. It may be a situation where a follower cannot perform a task or lacks confidence (motivation). In this case, the leader will take a guiding role by telling the follower what to do, how to do, and when to do without any concern for the relationship. R2/S2-Guiding low-to-moderate readiness: The follower has some ability and is willing; motivated and confident. The leader provides high direction combined with high support. Coaching is still needed because of followers limited experience. Also, two-way communication is highly used to build followers motivation and confidence to learn new things. R3/S3- Supporting moderate-to-high readiness: The follower has high competence, is able but unwilling or insecure. The leader has high relationship focus and low task focus. In this case, the follower is capable of performing a task but is refusing to do so. The leader needs to be available and become a good listener, in essence, find out why the follower is refusing; hence, persuading them to cooperate by encouraging the follower to take the lead. R4/S4-Delegating to high readiness: The follower has high ability and high willingness; secure and motivated. The leader has low relationship and low task focus. At this level, followers have less need for support or praise. They have sufficient knowledge, skill, and confidence to perform the task. Although feedback and recognition is not a strong desire, it is welcomed by the follower. Followers need the leader to provide them enough space to [independently] get the job done. The leader gains more freedom at this level and may keep watch from a distant to ensure all is well according to the organizational goals. Leadership Style Applied by Lewis Based on the information I have learned from this case study, Lewis varied in utilizing different leadership styles based on the type of situation she was faced with during here tenure at Staples, Inc. In my initial reading of her case study, she explained that company merger distractions were going on and some issues were taking place without resolve. In this particular situation, Lewis pointed out that as a new person on board she wanted to clarify what her goals were for the organization. She wanted things to happen quickly; and, in fact she incorporated the Style 1 leadership due to follower readiness being at an R1 level. Lewis further explained that when things appeared as a new problem or when a sense of timing is obvious; she intervenes and demonstrates an effective way to complete the task to make change happen quickly. When Lewis became director of operations in 1994 for New England, she concluded that the stores were not performing highly due to a lack of effective leadership. She used the Style 1 type leadership which resulted in her replacing several store associates over a course of one year. Lewis’ leadership style was described by one of her followers as hardworking, inspiring, with disarming charm. It seems that Lewis achieved referent power based on the leadership skills she possessed and demonstrated. Based on the various opinions mentioned throughout this case study about Lewis’ leadership style, her followers gained trust, acceptance, affection, willingness to follow, and emotional involvement for her as their leader. One example is when Krasnow asked her to lead the marketing and advertising merger team. She found her followers readiness level at R3: able but unwilling or too apprehensive to do what she needed as a leader to accomplish her goals. Lewis found her followers exceedingly disconnected from the strategic objectives of merchandising and operations. She adapted the leadership style 2 behavior because she believed if they knew more about each other (in terms of each other’s job responsibilities) and the marketing results, inclusive of knowing more about company’s overall objectives, they would do a better job. One of Lewis’ followers described her leadership style as a style 3 explaining that, â€Å"She asks the kind of questions that provoke real interaction, so it really is a joint discussion. . . In another example of follower readiness is when Lewis was asked to move into merchandising as vice president and divisional manager for furniture and decorative supplies. She entered the department as an â€Å"outsider† and the people who reported to her followers had a strong experience base. Lewis couldn’t afford to waste time having her followers teach her because she needed matters to repair quickly. As a result, Lewis used the participating leadership style #3, which she shared the responsibility for decision making with her followers, however, facilitating and communicating with them as well. One follower maintained that he initially worried that Lewis were a micro-manager, but he soon realized that she inspires dialogue and debate to ensure that her team dug deeply in their decision making. The readiness level of her followers on this team was at a R4: both able and willing to do what was asked of them. Lewis and her team developed a successful strategy for turning the department around by â€Å"replacing over 75% of product assortment. † Although Lewis started off by using leadership Style 1 as director of operations, she shifted her leadership style according to the maturity of her followers in each situation. As the maturity of her followers improved to her organizational goals, she shifted her leadership style ranging from a â€Å"telling† style 1 to a â€Å"selling† style 2, to a â€Å"participating† style 3; and, finally, to a â€Å"delegating† style 4. Suesse, J. M. (2000). Jeanne Lewis at Staples, Inc. (A) (Abridged). Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. Pp. 1-14 (78-91). Hersey, P. , Blanchard, K. H. , and Johnson, D. E. (2008). Management of organizational behavior-leading human resources (9th edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Information Technology for Managers Essay

Introduction In a fast rising popularity of technology, companies will use this to gain a competitive advantage. IT works in helping businesses reach their strategic goals. In the case for Sophia the goal would be to drive up her sales to meet with the standards that stiff competition has set up. Not knowing much about technology, Sophia would require help from an outside source in order to have the technology portion running smoothly. Website One of the best ways to improve the IT component is to open up a website with the help from the website onepageapp.com. This vendor is perfect for small companies to start up a website to your liking. One page app would assist in the purchase of a domain name for the site people go to visit. With a drag and drop interface the site being designed to Sophia’s preferred theme and the main content she would prefer on the site. One page app offers a few monthly plans starting from eight dollars all the way to two hundred. In Sophia case, the best plan would be the twenty nine dollars a month that includes up to twenty additional users, forty newsletters a month and even priority support if having any issues within the website. One of the best incentives here is that when launching with one page app it also creates a website version for mobile phone and tablets. With the increased use of smartphones and the emergence of ipads, people who use these devices on the often can view your website in read able and simple form. Another excellent feature one page app offers is engine optimization. The high use of search engines a good way to have website noticed is through the search results. With proper formatted HTML, Meta tags, meta descriptions, and sitemaps the results on search engines would attract more people viewing the website (OnePager, 2013). Sophia would be given useful analytics with one page app as the traffic the site receives would be documented along with the keywords used to gain the hits. The knowing of the keywords is valuable as we can use this information on seeing what foods people are searching on the web and what products are getting them redirected to Green Peppers website. Trying to further promote the interested item menu would only draw more interest from customers. Onepager allows for a great two stay connected  with customers. Having customers sign up for newsletters can have Sophia sending mass emails to subscribers for upcoming events and new menu items they may have. It’s a great way to keep good relation by also sending coupons for deals and such. If Sophia has trouble understanding these new online concepts she can elect to hire a part time employee or increase the duties of a current employees to keep the website updated. Constantly updating the site is crucial to stay competitive with any other restaurants. Twitter Social Media is a great way for small companies to get some easy exposure. As of September of 2013 there are 200 million twitter users (Canadian Press, 2013). With so many users using one application, generating awareness of a company proves to be beneficial. Having a company twitter account is a great way in getting Sophia’s restaurant known. Twitter can help generate feedback on previous customer experience and ways they could make some improvements. This has worked well with some bigger companies where a customer would tag the business in their tweet expressing some displeasure and the company comes up with a reply to compensate the experience with apologies or even future deals. Customers have already had issues with Green Peppers ordering techniques and this would be a good way for Sophia to gather some feedback. Green Pepper could also seek suggestions on different types of recipes customers would like to see being served. It would allow for them to add menu items that have potential on gaining popularity. Green Pepper would also be able to see what customers are saying about the local competition when it comes to service they provide and quality of food they tend to serve. This benchmark is probably the best when measuring the success of your current business. Opening a twitter account is completely free and very easy to use. Tweets could be sent from any smartphone making it convenient to access for all users. Tweeting out special promotions going on would bring in more customers and consumers are always finding ways to eat for less money. Hash tags are a great way to research what most of the world is talking about. For example, if a celebrity tweets about how much they love Indian or Chinese food, it would provide Green Pepper with a great opportunity to  tweet something to its followers referencing that comment to keep Green Pepper relevant. Facebook Like twitter, having a Facebook account is free. With a positive word of mouth rating of a restaurant being most valuable to a company, Facebook is a good tool to enforce that. Facebook allows for Green Pepper to post restaurant’s menu and updates for its followers to see. Green Pepper can take pictures of their most visually appealing menu items and post the pictures for display in order to entice more customers. They can show videos on the process they take into making the Indian fused Chinese dishes. Fusion food being seemed risky for some consumers, they can showcase the dish on the flavors added and how it is prepped. Listing the benefits of the human body that certain spices can offer, appeals to many health conscious customers. Keeping the account active is the most important as the regular customers who eat at Green Pepper would want to know what deals are occurring. It’s a great way to engage with the customers and making their personal experience at Green Pepper the best it could possibly be. Major fast food chains take great advantage of this by offering coupons online for their followers and always encouraging them to follow them on social media sites like Facebook and twitter. (Brandon, 2011) Replying to a post that a customer had at Green Pepper makes it feel more personal and the customer feels more satisfied as their questions and concerns are being noted by Sophia. Since Green Pepper is a small restaurant every negative comment about the service is a big issue on the company’s image. Having a negative word of mouth comments spread can cause customers to decline fast. Getting customers to partake in polls and quizzes is a free research base as companies can get a lot of info based on the poll results (Eldon, 2009). Offering the meals that customers prefer is an important way in staying relevant. Having someone over-look the operation of Facebook could be great by hiring a part time employee or even increasing the responsibilities of a current employee working at Green Pepper. Group on Groupon is website offering deals that many businesses are taking part in. Restaurants can offer deals on menu items for a fraction of cost if bought on Groupon. This is a great way into bringing customers into the restaurant and having them try other items on the menu and if they are satisfied with the service they could become returning customers. Another incentive is when a voucher is purchased not every customer goes and actually uses it. Many vouchers do have an expiry date and if the customer waits to long the voucher would no longer be valid and Green Pepper would still get half the purchase cost of the voucher. Since Groupon is running their site the only costs occur when the voucher is actually bought from a customer as Groupon takes half that money. They work as a great middleman between Green Pepper and future customers. The downside of this route is that Groupon takes half the proceeds from the voucher. An example is having an 80 dollar menu voucher sold on Groupon for 40 dollars. Groupon then keeps 20 dollars of that and gives the remaining 20 to Green Pepper. Other flaws being seen in their business model in an article in Forbes magazine â€Å"Groupon’s biggest victims are the small businesses that get suckered in to accepting Groupons. Restaurants lose money on them because consumers flood the restaurants, order very low priced meals, strain waiters and cooks, get lousy service, and never return.† (Cohan, 2012). Sophia must know the capacity restrictions well and if offering a Groupon deal then must be fully staffed for that day. Allowing customers to leave the restaurant on a negative really affects the company image especially being a small restaurant. Recommendation The way for Green Pepper to optimize its profits would be to hire a part time employee to run the social media aspects in Facebook and twitter along with working with one page app and keeping the website updated. Many young adults have some experience in social networks and finding a University student who could work part time wouldn’t be difficult. They would oversee the twitter updates and tweeting on the regular. They could update the Facebook Photo album with menu dishes as well as keeping in contact with the customers leaving feedback on the social sites. One page app makes the design of the website so simple just would need the employee to making sure site is  running smoothly and keeping in contact with the developers if any problem occurs. They would work with Sophia and teach her a little about the technology components as one page app allows many users having access to the website. The switch to technology focus should not be a hard one but instead a smart one.

Boer War Diary Entry from Lord Kitchener

Lord Kitchener – The Boer offensive The Siege of Lady Smith 1899 Shame be brought on Paul Kruger. How dare he bring Boer offensives into British held Colony areas. This has caused trouble and now it has been declared that the British are fighting in war, another war in which we shall not lose! The Boer may have mobility but what they lack is the key to British troops fighting, order. My men, have mastered order and with the equiptment supplied we are sure to win this battle.The origins of this conflict would have had to begun with Paul Krugers Ultimatum, if no such order for British troops to leave Natal was placed, there would never have been an outbreak. Those flithy Boers do not have the right to attempt to claim Natal or Cape Colony, these are rightfully owned British lands! But since we are already in this mess, we must fight for what is rightfully ours.In June I dispatched a total of 15,000 troops to Natal in order to protect and defend the Colony until reinforcements co uld be mobilized and sent to South Africa. The Boers attempts at trying to Siege us have caused us greatly. Supplies are now growing scarce my English men are running low on supplies and many of the civilians are dying of hunger. It is a sign that the battle may not end well. The Boers, the disgusting fighters had cut the railway link to Durban.I have great faith in my Lieutenant General Sir George White and believe that he can pull through to come and succeed to win the battle. His tatics have definitely been proven to be highly ranked and considered one of the best. For now all I can do is sit and write. I pray for my men to break through the siege and come out on top, I fear that many of the troops moral have faded and are giving up, but I aspire to reign and concer the Boers. For now I must be patient, wait and keep the flag flying.

The Stigma Of Hiv Aids Health And Social Care Essay

This reappraisal aims to show the contested nature of biomedical and laic constructs of wellness and mending underpinning Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) and its stigma. Due to the wideness of the topic the reappraisal will merely be restricted to HIV/AIDS and stigma in relation to the interactions between Peoples Populating with HIV/AIDS ( PLWHA ) and the wellness structures that supply them with bar and intervention services. Literature and stuffs from different published beginnings would be reviewed and analysed, followed by a critical comparative analysis of the key contested constructs of wellness as applied to HIV/AIDS and stigma, eventually reasoning with an interface of the two theoretical accounts. HIV/AIDS is one of the challenges to human life and self-respect. It affects all degrees of society and has a monolithic impact on planetary economic and societal development, ( Rowden, 2009 ) . Surveies have been conducted on its impact on human life and how it could be controlled. This reappraisal was conducted by researching literature from a assortment of beginnings for published articles on HIV/AIDS and its stigma. Literature from research covering a period of 8 old ages from 2002-2010 was extracted from Assia, PubMed, Sage, British Medical Journal, Cochrane and Absco-host, and reviewed for the survey, aims, methodological analysis and cardinal findings. Relevant books, diaries, paperss and studies from administrations such as UNAIDS, and the World Bank were besides reviewed. Both qualitative and quantitative information was used to show the information. Despite confronting a batch of unfavorable judgment on its top-down attack, the biomedical theoretical account remains the dominant construct in wellness and unwellness. Its credibleness lies on its scientific methods and expert cognition used to name or understand unwellness and intervention. This theoretical account views the organic structure as a machine composed of different parts working together for it to work. If one portion is non working decently, the purpose is to happen what is incorrect with it through diagnosing and repair it by ordering medical specialty, ( Taylor & A ; Hawley 2010:12 ) . Focus is hence restricted to the physical unwellness of an person ‘s organic structure and the scientific apprehension of disease, doing the attack to a great extent based on pharmacological medicine. While pharmacological medicine is good in the intervention and bar of HIV/AIDS, it is criticised for advancing the privilege of the biomedical theoretical account, farther heighten ing undermining of alternate attacks to wellness and healing. The biomedical attack may be inappropriate to some communities and create feelings of weakness and exposure hence impacting the success of the intercession. ( Global Health Watch, 2008, Farmer, 1999 ) . Lay constructs of wellness and unwellness are diverse and complex than those of the medical theoretical account. They focus on people ‘s experiences of wellness and unwellness in relation to their overall life experiences and are embedded within local societal and cultural constructions. Unlike in the biomedical attack, autochthonal attacks seek to mend the whole individual by associating the unwellness with the individual ‘s societal and economic background, ( Taylor, 2003 ) . However critics of this theoretical account argue that ballad constructs are hard to grounds and research hence they remain marginalised and barely recognised as legitimate cognition, ( Taylor & A ; Hawley, 2010:13 ) . On the contrary, Taylor, ( 2003 ) argues that ballad position is important cognition for public wellness as it identifies roots of unwellnesss for possible long term bar and intervention for the larger population as comparison to separately focussed intercessions. Influence of power systems such as the laterality of the medical theoretical account hinder advancement on bars and intervention of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and stigma as they govern relationships between wellness constructions and laic people. Goffman, ( 1990 ) , and Parker and Aggleton, ( 2003 ) , ‘s theories of stigma in assisting us to understand how stigma is constructed and its influence in peoples ‘ lives view stigma and favoritism as functional systems which maintain boundaries between those in power and those without. Through such power, societal inequalities are developed taking to creative activity of societal norms. These formulate stigma by regulating interactions between people and reenforce power constructions that serve to keep control of the powerless, ( Farmer, 2005 ) . Both theories have been widely used in HIV related stigma to foreground how bias, negative attitudes, maltreatment and ill-treatment directed towards PLWHA have hindered the advancement of bar and intervention. Research high spots that stigma and favoritism in wellness attention scenes deducing from societal power instabilities contribute a great trade in maintaining people off from accessing HIV/AIDS intervention and attention. Patients felt greatly affected by wellness workers experiencing uncomfortable with them and handling them in an inferior mode. In Tanzania, some discriminatory and stigmatised patterns such as dish the dirting about patients ‘ HIV ‘s position, disregard, verbal maltreatment, proving and unwraping HIV ‘s position without consent were noted, ( D.C Synergy, 2005 ) . Similarly in India, wellness workers were unwraping patients ‘ HIV position to their households without patients ‘ consent, ( Mahedra et, Al, 2007 ) . Harassment, avoiding and isolation of HIV-positive patients and proving without reding are common characteristics of stigmatization in most surveies. Some wellness workers wore protective vesture even if there was no physical con tact during interactions. Fear of being identified as infected with HIV besides influenced people to protract proving for HIV and merely accessed services when their unwellness was at an advanced phase, ( Bond and Aggleton, 2002 ; Kinsler et Al, 2007 ; Varga et Al 2006 ; Kalichman and Simbayi, 2003 ) . In Zambia, HIV-positive wellness workers were concealing their Hiv position from their co-workers in fright of being stigmatised, ( Dieleman et al, 2007 ) . While most of the literature on HIV/AIDS and entree to wellness services is negative, there is grounds of the value of supportive and de-stigmatising HIV services in some parts of the Earth. Brazil has been hailed as a theoretical account by PLWHA. They reported supportive inclusive structural systems that create healthy environments that promote active engagement of different groups in society and the authorities, ( Caltado, 2008 ) . In South Africa where most people believe in traditional healing, Aids Activism has made a positive significance in HIV/AIDS bar and intervention by interpreting and interceding the biomedical attack within local ideological models which are easy understood and acted on by the locals, ( Colvin, Robins, 2010 ) . Literature reveals that collaboration between ballad positions and biomedical attack is indispensable for successful control of HIV/AIDS and stigma. There is no remedy for AIDS but Anti-retrovirals ( ARVs ) can protract life by take downing degrees of HIV in the organic structure hence detaining the procedure between HIV and AIDS, ( Robin, 2009 ) . Although ARVs are now readily available in most states, Numberss of freshly infected people are lifting. Harmonizing to the World Bank, 60 million people are populating with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Access to intervention has increased dramatically but for every 100 people on intervention, 250 become freshly infected, ( World Bank, 2010 ) . As such, force per unit area is now lifting on the effectivity of merely trusting on the biomedical attack for intervention and attention of HIV/AIDS. While ballad positions are considered effectual, this can non be confirmed as true with HIV/AIDS attention. In South Africa, despite people to a great extent trusting on traditional healing attacks, HIV prevalence continued to lift. Significance towards effectual control of the epidemic has been noted with the addition in handiness of ARV ‘s, ( Colvin, 2009 ) . In the UNAIDS Report On The Global AIDS Epidemic 2010, in 7 states, five of them in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, HIV incidences increased by more than 25 % between 2001 and 2009. Sub Saharan Africa, although still staying the most extremely affected by the epidemic, figures either stabilised or showed marks of diminution owing to positive behavior due to increased services that are embedded in local civilization. The study affirms that stigma and favoritism, deficiency of entree to services and bad Torahs can do the epidemic worse, ( UNAIDS, 2010 ) . Due to the challenges presented by HIV/AIDS to planetary public wellness, Baum. ( 2008:241 ) calls for corporate engagement of all sectors in the battle against this deathly disease. She asserts that community degree mobilization where there is partnership between ballad people and constructions is the effectual manner of battling HIV/AIDS and stigma. This is farther supported by Farmer, ( 1999:90 ) , who does non excuse the laterality of the biomedical position in wellness and healing. He believes that ballad people have a important function in the procedure of wellness betterments and accents on the importance understanding ballad people ‘s experiences as indispensable cognition for successful intercessions. He holds that wellness attention services should be accessible to PLWHA without fright of being stigmatised. Educating wellness attention professionals about the impact of stigma on patients and policies that encourage inclusion of PLWHA in determinations that affect thei r lives are some of the cardinal factors of efficaciously undertaking the epidemic. Parker and Aggleton, ( 2003 ) besides claim corporate engagement between ballad people and wellness constructions as cardinal to successful anti-stigma services. Relationships between wellness constructions and PLWHA could besides be improved by prosecuting ballad people through protagonism. The Greater Involvement of PLWHA, ( GIPA ) rule emphasises the demand for engagement of PLWHA at all degrees in battling HIV/AIDS because they understand their state of affairs better. Therefore their voices could be heard good if their demands were presented by people in the same state of affairs, ( UNAIDS, 2007 ) . In the Zambia survey, professionals populating with HIV/AIDS are in a better place to recommend for people accessing services. Baum, ( 2008:550 ) affirms that advocacy affecting public wellness practicians is an effectual manner of act uponing structural barriers in public wellness. Literature has highlighted the contested nature of constructs of wellness and mending underpinning entree to services supplying intervention and bar of HIV/AIDS and its stigma. The biomedical attack conceptualises wellness and unwellness through scientific discipline and expertness with focal point on the person. Lay concepts position wellness and healing as embedded within local societal and cultural constructions and hence seek to turn to public wellness for a wider population. Literature suggests that neither attack in isolation is effectual in bar and attention for HIV/AIDS. Arguments have centred on the importance of coaction of the theoretical accounts. Therefore there is demand for intercession programmes to develop holistic attacks that are underpinned by the two theoretical accounts but it is besides of import to understanding each of the constructs in its ain right.

The Plan for a Workplace Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Plan for a Workplace Negotiation - Essay Example The negotiation between the union and the company will help to understand the issues which can affect the employees and affect the workplace environment thus needed to be sorted by the agreement between the two. In the present scenario out of the several issues the most considerable one which need to be focused and get agreement on are- i. The productivity benefits which the company has set are needed to be negotiated by the union to increase the percentage share for the employees as they are responsible for the production process. ii. The work timing should be agreement of total work hour of the employees in the whole year as performance varies from time to time and between employees. Employees need flexible timing in their workplace to suit their work and requirement of job. iii. The employees should be given some time to settle down and understand the work to perform. Thus the agreement should be done for a long term of minimum 2 years. iv. Lastly the joint venture committee is re quired to negotiate and convey information to the management about the employees to help the management to understand employees’ viewpoint before taking any decision. ... Question 2: Which overall strategy might you adopt? a) That is, a co-operative or a competitive strategy? Why? The strategy which should be implemented by the union is co-operative bargain strategy. In case of competitive bargaining process the negotiation between the parties lead to the utilization of power and tactics to reach their own goal (Beyond Intractability, 2010). There is a situation of win-lose in the outcome process. Management being in a strong position to implement strategies have better chances of winning in a competitive process. The union since have the plan of negotiation of the different issues will be more comfortable with the co-operative process in negotiation strategy. Co-operative process will help both the parties to seek a win-win position through mutual beneficial settlement on the issues. Interest based bargaining process through co-operation can lead to beneficial agreement and solve the problem which has arise in the organization as through co-operation the company will also be able to understand the cause of such conflict to cope in near future (Beyond Intractability-a, 2010). b) When will you use these strategies? That is, i) Which phases are likely to be used and why? and The phases of negotiation can be divided into broadly three stages which are needed to be followed by the union and the organization for a successful negotiation process. The phases can be referred as preparation, seeking agreement and finally the implementation of the outcome ideas and the negotiation (Humanitarian Negotiations with Armed Groups, 2006). Of the three phases ‘seeking agreement’ is the phase where the co-operative strategy is to be implemented by the workers’ union.

Jonestown Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jonestown - Movie Review Example It was not enough for Jim Jones that people of his church followed him, he wanted more. "What you need to believe in is what you can see  ... If you see me as your savior, I'll be your savior. If you see me as your God, I'll be your God† Hue Fortson, Jr. quoted Jones. Jim Jones wanted to be Christ. In early 70’s in his book â€Å"Letter Killed† he started to criticize the Bible for the gender & racial discrimination, and preaching that he is a reincarnation of Jesus Christ. In spring 1976 Jim started to confess openly that he is an atheist. He was losing his capability to be a leader due to his dependence on drugs and mental sickness. His behavior was really disturbing. Prior to the mass suicide many people in his community were stating they did not want to die with â€Å"The Temple†, but Jones did not want to let people make their own decision, he was persuading them: â€Å"Don't be afraid to die; it is just stepping over into another plane. We didn't c ommit suicide; we committed an act of revolutionary suicide protesting the conditions of an inhumane world.† Jim Jones had high level of intellect, getting almost the best grades in his class and was always the best student in public speaking. In his childhood he was insatiable  reader and especially liked writings of Stalin, Hitler and Machiavelli.

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Essay Example It has gained popularity and support from different quotas who believe that the movement has positioned itself ideologically and consistently hence the need for its political recognition. The current membership of FARC is approximately 18,000 members, 30% of the recruits being under the age of eighteen years and surprisingly, the leadership structure is composed of 49% women. This paper will therefore discuss the political and social effects that have so far resulted from the actions of FARC. The social effects are the drug trafficking, displacements, rape, terrorism, hostages, kidnappings, lack of freedom of the press and other issues. It will also look into the political implications the movement has caused Colombia since its inception. It will finally, provide a different point of view of analysts who believe that the movement is necessary to stem out errant political leaders such the Uribe regime and the former and current presidents in Colombia who are so self centered that they have e economically downgraded the country's economy. Between the years of 1930s and 1950s, hundreds of rural based Colombians driven by their communist ideology began organizing themselves into formidable structures of security and cooperation with the aim of responding to the capitalistic expansion of the ruling interests1. They believed that the state had isolated them and therefore they needed to group all the poor members of the society (small land holders, semi-proletarians, rural workers and peasants) and champion for their rights. The group wanted to establish a corrupt free society, stable and based on local control mechanisms. These localized groups continued to expand their bases and by early 1960s, they had over sixteen groups of communities from all areas of southern and central Colombian republic. These communities were very peaceful to the central government, but to some extent, they were considered a threat to national security especially to the ruling class, land owners, the U.S geopolitical interest and the rising urban capitalists. During the Kennedy administration, the central government through its military targeted regions with strong offensive communities After its founding in the mid 1960s, the insurgency expanded in almost all parts of the country especially during the neo-liberal period when economic policies accompanied by increased repression by the state were practiced. FARC has increased its social, paramilitary and economic presence in Colombia sine that time. In fact, by 1999, the insurgent had almost conquered all the regions of the country. A few years later, reports indicated that they had occupied more than 93% of all the Colombian regions. Within the four decades since the inception of the political movement, FARC ha transformed itself from being a mere peasant-landless struggle to a complex national social force that had threatened even the United States. Currently, the movement has increased its membership base to include; intellectuals, the displaced, Afro-Colombians, unionists, urban workforce and almost all the indigenous population. With an extensive

Solve a contemporary social and criminal justice issue Thesis

Solve a contemporary social and criminal justice issue - Thesis Example While this system has been designed to facilitate a more peaceful and non-violent society, there are challenges with criminal justice in providing rehabilitation for criminal offenders sustaining mental illness problems. There have been dramatic increases in the prevalence of mental illness among the prison population in the United States. In 1996, 25 percent of all individuals incarcerated in jails reported that they had sought treatment for a mental illness condition at some point in their lives, representative of approximately 127,000 jail inmates throughout the nation (Whitehead, Jones and Braswell, 2003). In the 1970s, there was a push to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill within psychiatric hospitals and, instead, to provide the mentally ill with community treatment programs. It was determined during this time period in history that such treatment programs would provide a superior public safety outcome, allow jails to operate more efficiently by removing challenges of rehabilitating mentally ill criminal offenders, and provide the mentally ill with more productive treatment methods that jails are unable to provide (Whitehead, et al.). However, this approach at deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill has not been effective. In 2002, it is estimated that a substantial 64 percent of all jailed inmates in the country suffered from a mental health issue (Whitehead, et al.). Community mental health services are designed to provide encouragement and treatment for people suffering from an array of mental disorders in a domiciliary environment rather than in psychiatric clinics. Such community mental health systems provide appropriate outpatient psychiatric services in an age where social perspectives on mental illness have transformed care from intensive psychotherapy to treatment ideology where the mentally ill have a positive place to live with encouraging social environments that